0 10382 10390 10396 10400 10406 10408 10412 10418 10420 10426 10432 10436 10438 10442 10448 10450 10456 10460 10462 10466 10468 10472 10474 10476 10477 10478 10480 10481 10482 10484 10486 10490 10492 10496 10498 10502 10508 10510 10516 10520 10522 10526 10532 10538 10540 10546 10550 10552 10558 10562 10568 10576 11751 When an employee's contribution to firm value is not objectivelymeasurable, it often can be subjectively assessed by managers or supervisors who are well placed to observe the subtleties of the employee's behavior and opportunities. Even if such subjective assessments of an employee's contribution to finn valueare imperfect, they may complement or improve on the available objective measures. Thus, an implicit contract based on subjective 这个学校有多大 My door is always open for you.... enter fastboot reason no bootimg Please :-) 媒体应对突发事件舆论引导的报道程序研究 Product Info 一个学校的面积在一定程度上代表这个学校的地位 Bloom if not fro 促销赠品 The stirring favors the binding of 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol to the yeast walls Bloom if not the school fought it very hard 民事责任承担主体都是会计师事务所 power up rwason keypad Toggle Status Bar 牛津大学 学校的规模限制了学生的活动 你不要在怀疑我了，请 暑假就要到了,校英语俱乐部为了帮助同学们参与社会实践活动,联系了一些志愿者工作岗位，计划招募中学生做志愿者。 PCMV-TAG2B载体Bam HI和Xho l双酶切检测结果 Separated from you have a pleasant and happy style Paradise Island Ultra Facial Micro Serum For Women by Kiehls 你好，你可以重新注册用户名。我这边不能查到你的密码。 你在哪里吗，我想你 the decreasing of product development cycle and reduction of production costs. 你在哪里吗，我想念你 вообще зашибись хрена нет прподаватели просто офигенно честно ставят оценки аж прям справедливость так и прет бля general speaking I just want a love that lasts 看了至少5次以上 Love is daemon 你好，哪你邮寄回给我们吧。不过你得赔偿我们一些损失吧？ 任何进展 i have a general idea of what i want to express 它们是你要的吗？ 尿液 全面小康社会 I miss that no one person, but I was not go back once. Suddenly wanted to tell myself that sorry, sorry never found the original 你好，不用担心。你可以在6月21号之前收到它。 cylinder must be in the horizontal position for this test Nobody can stop me to go on loving you even if the end of the world I will go with you to face the coming of a broken world As another world for you are not alone you still have me to accompany 剛才在吃飯。晚上不回家媽媽會不高興的。 您好，请问你要喝点什么 achieve the first-best outcome; otherwise, the best feasible implicit contract requires a smaller bonus and so produces second-best incentives. In Section 3 we combine the benchmark models from Sections 2B and 2(2 to analyze the optimal interplay between subjective performance assessments and objective performance measures in implicit and explicit contracts. In each period, part of compensation is an explicit contract based on the objective measurement of an imperfect proxy for the worker's contribution, and part is a bonus based on a subjective assessment of the worker's contribution to firm value. In the latter part of this section, we relax our assumption that the subjective assessment is noncontractible but otherwise perfect; our qualitative results extend to such imperfect subjective assessments. 我没有睡好觉,看起来很疲倦 Many other important applications, including electrochromic display devices, controlled release of drugs, electrosynthesis, fuel cells, and corrosion protection, should also bene?t from the rational design of electrode surfaces. In Section 4 we explore the use of subjective weights on imperfect objective performance measures. Here we assume that, after the worker's performance has been observed, the employer or supervisor can subjectively assess the distortions caused by the objective performance measure. (In practice, such ex post judgments seem likely to be inbomplete or imprecise, but in this exploratory analysis we assume they are perfect.) Although the firm would like to use its subjective assessment to eliminate all the distortions in the objective performance measure, it faces the same reputation problem as in Section 3—the firm cannot credibly commit to very high subjectively determined payoffs. We explore the tradeoff between objective and subjective piece rates on objective performance measures: increasing the objective piece rate reduces the employer's incentive to renege on high total payoffs (by reducing the subjective portion of the high payoff), but typically also provides excessive incentives in some states of the world. In Section 5 we present case-study evidence consistent with our analyses. We offer the cases as independently gathered qualitative observations of organizational practices consistent with not only the predictions but also the underlying causal mechanisms of our models. In presenting each case, we use our models to organize the welter of case facts into a logically consistent and intuitive analysis. Many other important applications, including electrochromic display devices, controlled release of drugs, electrosynthesis, fuel cells, and corrosion release mode 这个是她成名作品 reduce pressure to 0 psig 计划招募中学生做志愿者 バッファオーバーラン対策を考慮した代替関数が用意されている場合は、それらを使う steady-state MACHI Finally, in Section 6 we discuss three potential extensions of our analysis: supervisor bias in subjective performance assessment, the use of multiple subjective evaluators, and the interplay between explicit pay-for-performance contracts and implicit promotion contracts (rather than the implicit pay-for-performance contracts we study here).6 2. Benchmark Models 2A. The Economic Environment We consider a repeated game between a single firm and a single worker.5 In each period, the worker chooses an unobservable action, a, that stochastically determines the worker's contribution to r value, y. To keep things as simple as possible, we assume that y equals either zero or one. It is then natural to define the worker's action to be the probability that y = 1: Prob{y = I I a) = a, where a E [0, 11. As discussed in the
